Name the earliest type of vocal polyphony from the medieval period, characterized by voices moving in parallel motion.

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Earliest medieval vocal polyphony is organum, where a second voice is added to a plainchant line and moves together with it. In the simplest form, parallel organum, the new voice keeps the same pace as the chant and moves in fixed, consonant intervals—usually a perfect fourth or fifth away from the original melody. This creates a sense of voices moving in unison or in lockstep, laying the groundwork for notated polyphony in the medieval period and marking a shift from a single chant to multiple, interwoven lines. The other options don’t fit this earliest development: motet expands on chant with added text and more voices, canon involves strict imitation at staggered entrances, and gospel refers to liturgical chant rather than a polyphonic technique.