Which term describes a Renaissance secular vocal piece written for human voices without instrumental accompaniment?

• A. Madrigal
• B. Cantata
• C. Mass
• D. Anthem

Answer: (A)

This question is about identifying a Renaissance vocal work that is secular and performed without instruments. The madrigal fits this perfectly: it originated in Italy in the 16th century as a polyphonic piece for several voices, usually sung a cappella (no instrumental accompaniment), and it centers on secular poetry rather than sacred texts. Madrigals often explore themes like love or nature and use expressive word painting to reflect the text.

In contrast, a cantata is a Baroque form that typically includes instrumental accompaniment and is often multi-movement with a narrative or doctrinal purpose. A Mass is liturgical sacred music for church services, and an anthem is a choral work from English sacred music traditions, usually also involving instruments.